Its been a flop in the consumer market, but hydrogen still holds a little promise in industrial and defense applications. Jan 15, 2020 safety planning for hydrogen and fuel cell projects nick barilo hydrogen safety manager, pacific northwest national laboratory. See the next section for a discussion of hydrogen storage technology. The department of energys doe hydrogen and fuel cell activities are presented, focussing on key targets and progress. Approximately 1970 licenses are related to the fuel cell stack, about 290 to the highpressure hydrogen tank and about 3350 to fuel cell system control technology. In these cells, the electrolyte enables the movement of the protons. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle study american physical society. Clean energy future \nice future\ initiative, hydrogen initiative, international partnership for hydrogen and fuel cells\ in the economy joint webinar, march 18, 2020.
Traditional fuel cell research involves hydrogen fuel cells, but the ud researchers are engineering fuel cells that utilize ammonia instead. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology. Recent results on the cost, durability, and performance of fuel cells are. Hydrogen and fuel cell technology basics department of energy. Fuel cell uses hydrogen rich fuel and oxygen from air to produce electricity. Hydrogen and fuel cell technology nip together with representatives from research organizations as well as from various industry sectors, to advance the role of hydrogen and fuel cell technology in germanys energy system 69.
Drih direct reduction via hydrogen efuel electrofuel fcev fuel cell electric vehicle fch ju fuel cell hydrogen joint undertaking fcr frequency containment reserve hhv high heating value hrs hydrogen refuelling station h. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology roadmap describes fvs development history, current status, and outlook. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology ogniwa. The future of automotive fuel cell technology martec. A durable fuel cell power system including hydrogen storage that achieves 60% energy efficiency when. For hydrogen powered automobiles to have a presence on the roads by 2030, competing automotive giants, fuel cell manufacturers, and public and private sectors will need to create unprecedented partnerships. Figure 3 shows the gm precept concept car for fuel cell technology. Hydrogen energy and fuel cells european commission.
The efficiency characteristics of fuel cells compared with other electric power generating systems are shown in. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the. Gm precept concept car there are major uncertainties in technical characteristics, costs, and user acceptance of fuel cell powered vehicles. A fuel cell, on the other hand, uses an external supply of chemical energy and can run inde.
Department of energy doe has a major program for research and development of hydrogen and fuel cell technology. This can be achieved by either traditional internal combustion engines, or by devices called fuel cells. Due to the high energetic content of hydrogen and high efficiency of fuel cells 55%, this great technology can be used in many applications like transport cars, buses, forklifts, etc and backup power to produce electricity during a failure of the electricity grid. Hydrogen and fuel cell perspectives subject presentation by sunita satyapal, doe hydrogen and fuel cells program director, at the clean energy ministerial s nuclear innovation. Current performance of hydrogen systems in the transport sector. It was used as a primary source of electrical energy in the apollo space program. Hydrogen and fuel cell fc technologies have the potential to contribute significantly to it. A pem proton exchange membrane cell uses hydrogen gas h2 and oxygen gas o2 as fuel. The 5th international conference on fuel cell and hydrogen technology icfcht 2015, september 2015, kuala lumpur, malaysia. Within the european hydrogen and fuel cell technology platform hfp an implementation panel ip was established in 2006 to take the hfp strategy for rtd and demonstration of hydrogen and fuel cells technologies, elaborated in its strategic. See how hydrogenics fuel cell technology is leading to zeroemission mobility for cars and trucks, hydrogen buses in china and hydrogen trains at alstom transport in germany. Fuel cell electric vehicle durability and fuel cell.
Eere has responsibility for implementing research, development and demonstration activities of the hydrogen fuel initiative and the freedomcar and fuel cell partnership. The acquisition brings fuel cell stack technology and products inhouse which plug power plans to integrate into several models of its gendrive fuel cell systems with first deployments in 2014. Currently, toyota leads the industry in this technology, achieving the highest power output while dramatically reducing the systems price and size from its previous fuel cell vehicles. When used in multishift warehousing operations, considering the longer predicted life of fuel cell systems and the need for multiple battery packs per lift, the. In a fuel cell, hydrogen energy is converted directly into electricity with high efficiency and low power losses.
A fuel cell is composed of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. These fuel cells are used for stationary power, primarily in backup power units, and to produce electricity for electric vehicles. The alkaline fuel cell or hydrogen oxygen fuel cell was designed and first demonstrated publicly by francis thomas bacon in 1959. The citaro f cell is an e cell with additional fuel cell technology and is able to travel 100km on just 8kg of hydrogen. A fuel cell works by passing hydrogen through the anode of a fuel cell and oxygen through the cathode.
Fuel cells fact sheet hydrogen and fuel cell technologies program. Hydrogenics fuel cell technology for zeroemission mobility. A fuel cell is a device that generates electrical power through a chemical reaction by converting a fuel hydrogen into electricity. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen fuel with oxygen to produce electricity, heat and water. Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided. Hydrogen fuel cell technology for the sustainable future of. Safety planning for hydrogen and fuel cell projects nick barilo hydrogen safety manager, pacific northwest national laboratory. Pem fuel cells are the preferred fuel cell technology for vehicles and other new applications because of their fast startup time and low operating temperature. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. Aug 20, 2019 traditional fuel cell research involves hydrogen fuel cells, but the ud researchers are engineering fuel cells that utilize ammonia instead. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. Vehicles were retired due to performance loss, end of fuel cell life, end of vehicle test, or other catastrophic failure unrelated to the fuel cell system. A fuel cell is similar to electrochemical cells, which consists of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. Ogden pointed out major obstacles that must be overcome before automotive fuel cell technology can be considered viable.
Hydrogen fuel cell hfc technology offers a clean and reliable alternative energy source to customers in a growing number of applications electric vehicles including forklifts, delivery vans and cars, primary and backup power for a variety of commercial, industrial and residential buildings, and more futuristicsounding applications like drones and mobile phone recharging. Special issue on sustainable fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. In its endeavor to realize the joy and freedom of movement and an enriched sustainable society, honda has on the one hand been developing fuel cell vehicles fcvs, and on the other, has pursued its own research and development of hydrogen stations that efficiently generate hydrogen from renewable energy, as a lowcarbon technology to generate. Its also not clear if the technology is more efficient at converting sunlight to. Other obstacles for fuel cell vehicles include improving onboard hydrogen storage, improving fuel cell and battery durability, and increasing the e. Fueling the future of mobility hydrogen and fuel cell. Validation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and infrastructure. Fuel cell technology information battery university. The chemical reactions that produce this current are the key to how a fuel cell works. Recent results on the cost, durability, and performance of fuel cells are discussed, along with the status of hydrogen related technologies and crosscutting activities. Additionally, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle confronts a difficult design issue with respect to fuel carriage and range. Fuel cell electric vehicle durability and fuel cell performance. For example, in 2018 audi ag announced the collaboration with hyundai motor group on hydrogen fuel cell technology.
Workshops parallel to the development of the technology roadmap on hydrogen and fuel cells 11 table 2. The stack generates power by combining hydrogen with oxygen from the outside air. Hydrogenpowered fuel cells are not only pollution free, but also can have two to three times the efficiency of traditional combustion technologies. Many others are developing the technology for deployment. Automotive technology update hydrogen fuel cell electric. Hydrogen, therefore, is an energy carrier, which is used to move, store, and deliver energy produced from other sources.
The figure includes both in service vehicles and those that have been retired during the evaluation. The roadmap discusses hinas overall objectives and strategies, along with corresponding technical innovation requirements and priority action plans for its fcv development. Box 880 morgantown, west virginia 265070880 november 2004. Although fuel cells and batteries are both considered electrochemical cells and consist of similar structure, fuel cells require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen to run. An evaluation of the total cost of ownership of fuel cell. The objectives of this project are to validate hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs in realworld settings and to identify the current status and evolution of the technology. Hydrogen is stored in a pressurized container and oxygen is taken from the air. Hydrogen and fuel cell demonstrationanalysis alkaline fuel cellbattery hybrid systems with ammonia or methanol as hydrogen supply, robert r. The fuel cell is similar to a battery in that an electrochemical reaction occurs as long as fuel is available.
International journal of hydrogen energy special issue on. There are several kinds of fuel cells, and each operates a bit differently. It will also look at what this investment in fuel cell technology will mean for the eu in the coming years. According to the connecticut hydrogen fuel cell coalition, a stationary fuel cell when used with heating and power systems can have an efficiency level that exceeds 80%. The products of the reaction in the cell are water, electricity, and heat. Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every enduse energy need. A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy energy stored in molecular bonds into electrical energy. Safety planning for hydrogen and fuel cell projects. High level group for hydrogen and fuel cells technologies was initiated in october 2002 by the. Wan ramli wan daud, siti kartom kamarudin, arshad ahmad, mohamed mahmoud nasef, abu bakar mohamad. Department of energy office of fossil energy national energy technology laboratory p. Bob carter, evp of sales, toyota motor north america mirai drivetrain and fuel cell. Aronsson, apollo pdf 509 kb unigen regenerative fuel cell for uninterruptible power supply, stephen porter, proton pdf 307 kb. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen can be used to generate electricity via a fuel cell.
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