The maneating tigers of sundarbans and human wildlife conflict rate. Research proposal on human wildlife conflict az writing. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. To address human wildlife conflict and assist with conflict resolution and emergency response in the field. In african rangelands, species such as african wild dogs lycaon pictus, cheetahs acinonyx jubatus, lions panthera leo, leopards panthera pardus, and spotted hyaenas crocuta crocuta may kill livestock and are therefore themselves killed by local. Humanwildlife conflict, is a growing problem in todays crowded world, and can have significant impacts on both human and wildlife populations. To support research in areas related to wildlife conservation and conservation medicine. In order for humanwildlife conflict to be mitigated, it is imperative that the many factors that affect the issue are understood. All countries developed or not, are affected by human wildlife conflicts fao, 2009. Review of literature 7 humanwildlife conflict is a global issue, which has been extensively studied all over the world. Human wildlife conflict is one of the most widespread issues in conservation, encompassing a huge diversity of situations and species, from graineating rodents pimentel et al. This conflict over natural resources, especially land and water, is the root cause of humanwildlife conflict. Wildlife and human conflict habitat destruction habitats can be destroyed by natural causes, human actions, and pollution natural causes. Recent literature on humanwildlife conflict and its control measures are given below.
Lessons from humqn wildlife conflicts humqns ond v,iild qnimqls hove to shqre common spoce only a dramatic shift in the understanding of policy makers, media, local peopie and conservationis ts can bring down losses to both humans and animals, say vidya athreya and colleagues. Human wildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the resultant negative impact on people, animals, resources, and habitats. May 17, 2017 when wildlife management is seen as an asset, protected areas become a competitive land use. Tiger attacks in the sundarbans is the best example of human interaction and conflict between local people and wild animals. To increase health and welfare of captive wildlife in an effort to decrease pressure on wild populations.
In order to get a fairly random geographic sampling from these three counties, the names of all townships in each county. The input of stakeholders at the local level can help determine. Reducing hwc impacts may not necessarily reduce the conflict if the underlying causes are not addressed. Human wildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. From baboons in namibia attacking young cattle, to. The world resources institute 1995 report revealed that the habitat loss in tanzania was a serious problem for different ecosystems. Humanwildlife conflict as a barrier to large carnivore. Practical mitigation of humanwildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. The damage and destruction caused by a variety of animals to human property and sometimes to human.
Institute of zoology, zoological society of london. Humanwildlife conflict in kenya, as can be concluded from the facts, arises from the opposing interests between human development and wildlife conservation. Human dimensions of wildlife management are critical to the success of a wildlife management program treves and karanth, 2003 and as large carnivore conservation initiatives become established in turkey, it is important to include a human dimension of wildlife management. Developing strategies to mitigate human wildlife conflict. Habitats can be destroyed by natural causes, human actions, and pollution. Humanwildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the resultant negative impact on people, animals, resources, and habitats. The largest swamp and mangroves forest of india is also home to over 500 bengal tigers, who killed from 50250 people per year in india and bangladesh. This initial effort to build a database of human wildlife conflict hwc in india is focused on compiling various instances reported in major national media outlets, such as newspapers, television, and websites. Conservationists have long been concerned about the effects of human disturbance on wildlife carney and sydeman, 1999. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. In many parts of the world, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food. A case study on humanwildlife conflict in nepal with particular reference to humanelephant conflict in eastern and western terai regions submitted to species program wwf international submitted by wwf nepal 1 1 report has been prepared by dr rinjin shrestha, phd.
Humanwildlife conflict across urbanization gradients. Natural wildlife territory is overlaps with the humans existence and various forms of humanwildlife conflict occur with various negative results. Human wildlife conflict has been in existence for as long as humans and wild animals have shared the same resources and landscapes. Gilleland a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy department of geography college of arts and sciences university of south florida comajor professor robert brinkmann, ph. Conflict between people and wildlife is a major issue in both wildlife conservation and rural development. This is mainly due to expanding human populations and the continued loss of natural habitats. In india, hwc manifests itself in several ways, such as wildlife poaching, retaliatory killing ofinjury to wildlife species, crop raiding and livestock predation by wildlife species, injury to humans or human mortality, and destruction of property, houses and buildings by wildlife. Pattern recognition methods for reduction of humanwildlife. Human actions building highways, subdivisions, factories, agricultural practices.
Wildlife crop damage sustained at household level can. A deadly conflict is underway between indias growing masses and its wildlife, confined to evershrinking forests and grasslands, with data showing that about one person has been killed every day. This type of conflict has always existed in the natural environment, because it is obvious that animals of different species treat the human being as an opponent, threat or a target for hunting. If human wildlife conflict cannot be prevented, the next steps include. Unresolved humanwildlife conflict in kenya the source of misery and poverty by godfrey m. Humanwildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. The aim of human wildlife conflict management is to by wildlife. Human wildlife conflict, species conservation and community livelihoods in biological corridors connecting two national parks and a wildlife sanctuary in bhutan introduction connectivity is the ability of a landscape to. Humanwildlife conflict using gis to identify potential for conflict between humans and wildlife in massachusetts presented by larry dennison for gph 903 on december, 2011. Humanwildlife conflict occurs when there is close interaction between wild animals and human beings, resulting to injuries, death, predation, transmission of diseases and even human threats.
If the conflict is happening in a poor community, for example, most of the time people are too concerned about meeting basic needs to really think about conservation. According to iucn 2005 human wildlife conflict hwc is a situation that occurs when the basic needs of wildlife interfere with those of humans, generating negative consequences for both communities and animals. The area was a reserved forest before being declared a sanctuary. Human and wildlife conflict hwc is defined as any human and wildlife interaction which results in negative effects on human social, economic, or cultural life, on wildlife conservation, or on the environment. Wild animals causing damage in protected areas are not uncommon and are often major reasons for.
Ppt wildlife and human conflict powerpoint presentation. Review of literature 7 human wildlife conflict is a global issue, which has been extensively studied all over the world. Pattern recognition methods for reduction of human. In the area of intensive study marayur, 28 species of plants were damaged and damage was highest during the summer months. Hwc methodology human wildlife conflicthuman wildlife conflict. Consequently only delivering collective communitylevel benefits do little to increase tolerance of wildlife damage romanchet et al 2007. Human wildlife conflict hwc or negative interaction between people and wildlife has recently become one of the fundamental aspects of wildlife management as it represents the most widespread and complex challenge currently being faced by the conservationist around the world.
Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation. The policy on humanwildlife conflict management is based on a number of fundamental principles. As a consequence of natural food shortages, the elephants forage on food crops such as wheat, rice, banana and bamboo. Lessons from humqnwildlife conflicts humqns ond v,iild qnimqls hove to shqre common spoce only a dramatic shift in the understanding of policy makers, media, local peopie and conservationis ts can bring down losses to both humans and animals, say vidya athreya and colleagues. It is therefore necessary that mechanisms are created for rural communities and farmers to 2. The majority of humanwildlife conflict hwc incidents occur around the edges of protected areas and it is the local communities who bear the cost of crop loss, livestock predation, human injury and sometimes, even death. Humanwildlife conflicts in tanzania proceedings of the 1 st university wide conference, 5 th 7 april 2000. Human wildlife conflict hwc has been highlighted as one of the key obstacles to linking conservation and poverty alleviation pclg 2010. The growing human population,deforestation,loss of habitat and decline in their prey species are few major reason behind the human wildlife conflict in india. The case studies from countries all over the world demonstrate the severity of the conflict and suggest that greater in depth analysis of the conflict is needed in order to avoid overlooking the problem and undermining the. This type of conflict has always existed in the natural environment, because it is obvious that animals of different species treat the human being as an opponent, threat or a target. It was the maximum damage by elephants 72%, followed by gaur 62%, sambar 17% and boars 16%.
School of physical sciences and technology, department of geo sciences and the environment, in partial fulfillment of. For example, in july 2010 a village banana plantation was destroyed by elephants at akak. Kitam birdsanctuary is located at 8820 2706 and 88 22 2707 above 320875 msl. Humanwildlife conflict on small, subsistence farms in kenya.
Hwc also occurs when humans deliberately injure, abuse, or kill wildlife because of perceived or actual threats to their property, livelihoods, lifestyle, person, or family. There exists the inevitable expansion in human settlements towards areas previously considered uninhabited. Oct 27, 2014 research proposal on human wildlife conflict human wildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife. Human population growth increases the demand for natural resources. The conflict that occurs between people and wildlife when animals leave protected areas and raid their crops is becoming one of the largest problems for conservation managers around the world. All assessment is delivered entirely online and is automated. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage humanwildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. Humanwildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife.
Man animal conflicts in protected areas, a case study of. What research and extension could offer to conflict resolution shemwetta, d. A fenab leopatd plays in dachigam widlife sancaary near sinagar. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a serious threat to the survival of many endangered species in the world.
Human wildlife conflict, species conservation and community livelihoods in biological corridors connecting two national parks and a wildlife sanctuary in bhutan introduction connectivity is the ability of a landscape to support plants and animals movement, their gene flow. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating competition for space and resources. Conflict between herders and brown bears in the byang thang. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage human wildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. Human conflict with wildlife is a significant and growing conservation problem around the world. The survey did not intend to specifically target areas already known to have high incidence of human wildlife conflict, but sought to gain a broader view of this issue in the most heavily populated areas of the tars southcentral jangtang byang thang. Human wildlife conflict in india people and wildlife. Wildlife and human conflict 1 wildlife and human conflict 2 habitat destruction. Thus, as more people begin to investigate human wildlife conflict at different sites, it is to everyones advantage if there is greater. Wildlifecampus human wildlife conflicts 4 human wildlife conflict resolution wildlifecampus where do we strike a balance. May 01, 2017 definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. This project does not provide solutions to this problem. Human wildlife conflicts in tanzania proceedings of the 1 st university wide conference, 5 th 7 april 2000. Recent literature on human wildlife conflict and its control measures are given below.
Centre, davanagere577004, karnataka, india corresponding author abstract introduction human conflict with wildlife is a. In the developed world potentially dangerous megafauna have largely been exterminated as a result of the spread of agriculture, growth of human populations and increased urbanisation and often a deliberate attempt to do so. Definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. All course content is available online but may also be downloaded in pdf format and easily printed so you dont have to be online to study. Michaelmas term 2003 abstract many large carnivore populations are under threat from persecution for killing livestock. The conflict arises from the degradation and fragmentation of the elephants habitat, the evergreen forest, which at present sustains only a few plant species that the elephants rely on. Minimize and mitigate the impact of the conflict on both humans and wildlife.
979 1583 969 224 1423 893 836 1369 1508 428 830 1041 82 821 873 1605 1132 1132 1102 1063 530 1591 513 616 825 194 616 1049 1466 350 522 985 612 741 1629 332 7 447 786 1325 1467 1020 708 694 752 935